PDF Ebook The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War
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The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War
PDF Ebook The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War
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Product details
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 16 hours and 34 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Audio
Audible.com Release Date: February 13, 2018
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B078F1H2SP
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
Benn Steil, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations has written a very well researched history on the role of the Marshall Plan as the fulcrum of the Cold War. He previously wrote a history of the 1944 Bretton Woods monetary conference and that certainly prepared him to deal with the economic and geopolitical issues facing Europe at the beginning of the postwar era. He chronicles how the U.S. attitude changed from plans to deindustrialize Germany and to make the U.N. central to foreign policy toward rebuilding Germany and making NATO the focus of U.S. policy in Europe.The very fact that the U.S. would take part in both the rebuilding of Europe and entering into peacetime multi-lateral alliance represented a revolution in U.S. foreign policy. Steil highlights the role of such key figures as Marshall himself, Harry Truman and George Kennan. More importantly he brings to light the roles of Republican Senator Arthur Vandenberg moved the necessary legislation through Congress and Under-Secretary of State Will Clayton, a former cotton baron, who first articulated the strategic vision of a united Europe. We also witness the work of former car executive Paulk Hoffman running the day-to-day operations of the plan along with General Lucius Clay who acted as America’s proconsul in Germany. He also noted the important role played by Massachusetts Congressman Christian Herter who led a congressional fact finding delegation to Europe that was influential in generating the political support for the plan.The Marshall Plan was enabled in Europe by the far sighted leadership of British foreign minister Ernest Bevin and his French counterpart George Bidault. Here we had a socialist politician working hand in glove with a center-right one. Most interesting was the fact that Stalin understood the implications of the Marshall Plan far better than his western counterpart. He knew that it would divide Europe and that in turn would make it impossible for him to neutralize a united Germany. Thus it was the Russian backed coup in Czechoslovakia to prevent that government from participating in the plan that sealed the fate of Europe. From there it was quickly realized that aside from economic support, Europe would need military support. That realization was crystalized by the Berlin Airlift where a logistics wizard, General William Tunner did the nearly impossible task of supplying Berlin by air. NATO would come soon thereafter.Steil does a service in describing the role of British spies (The Cambridge Five) of informing Stalin of western plans and the role Soviet mole Henry Dexter White in Treasury in his continued support of keeping Germany down. We also see Henry Wallace following Stalin’s line in opposing the Marshall plan in the 1948 presidential race. Although it is not clear the full role Russia played in the 2016 election, it certainly had a candidate in Henry Wallace.Steil goes on to present his views on the NATO expansion after the Cold War ended in 1991. His take is that the U.S. was far from being clear-eyed in the 1990s of the implications of moving NATO east and the effect it would have on the Russians. I don’t think that was necessary in this book. This topic should be taken up in a future book.I read Steil’s book with a great deal of sadness. In the 1940s we had brilliant statesmen who rose to the occasion. Unfortunately our statesman of the past twenty years or so have been found wanting and this is especially true of the current administration.
I am not a professional book reviewer, just someone who enjoys reading political history. I read a lot.For me, this is an exceptional book. I was born in 1937 and grew up during and after the war reading a local newspaper and the "Weekly Reader" in a one room country school. All of the people discussed in the book come to life in great detail. I traveled extensively in Europe a few years after the war ended and saw, first hand, the destruction, hunger and despair the author so vividly describes. My grandparents sent massive shipments of food to their relatives in Germany and I was treated as a God when I visited them. The author's writing is clear; articulate, and highly expressive. I wish I had his gift. For me, this was one of the best political history books I have ever read...and I've read hundreds.
I am reading the book. So far, it is an outstanding and exceptionally detailed description of the plan that saved Europe. My father, who was born in the Early 1930's, still remembered the abundance of food and daily supplies (soap, shoes, coffee & toothpaste) that arrived in Italy as a consequence of the generosity and political wisdom of the United States of America. Benn Steils documents how Europe in 1947 was a wasteland where people were starving and social order was perilously close to civil war. Paris, Rome, Berlin were without food and cold through the Winter. It is a very important book that describes in a most readable prose the tragedy of the aftermath of World War II and the obdurate obstinacy (and criminal ideological perseverance) of the Soviet Union in a most combustible Europe. Very highly recommended! There is also a most important list of references and notes with easy to find www links to declassified documents of the US Government. The Marshall Plan probably saved Western Europe from a replay of the 1920's and an even more bloody WW III. A book that should be read by Ms.Merkel and Mr.Macron!
Benn Steil has written another fantastic book on the end of WW2 and the post-war period (see The Battle of Bretton Woods). Full of details and thoroughly cited, this work surveys the Marshall Plan, NATO, and the EU, which were all a part of a Grand Strategy that fused US free market democratic idealism to the realism of Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe. Great writing and thoroughly engaging, it is both timeless and speaks to our times as we question the effectiveness, purpose, and consequences of the EU project, NATO, and the endless US military commitment in Europe.Steil’s deference to Russian paranoia and insecurity grates on my mind and reminds me of the capitulationist mind-set throughout the Cold War (Russia has been invaded by the West many times and thus has a reasonable need for expansive western borders). Russia controlled Eastern Europe for decades and could have persuaded those nations of the benefits of amicable relations. Instead, Russia ruled over them as a tyrant and they sought freedom and security from their master at their first opportunity. Russia has only itself to blame for its predicament. We shouldn’t enable it.BUT, as Steil deftly points out, neither the US nor the EU have the political will or economic or military means to back up an effective anti-Russian policy in the East. And that inability is what was recognized and accommodated by the advocates of the Marshall Plan and related programs, and is in question now.And it is because Steil points this out so effectively that this book is required reading.
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